Adrenal adenomas are benign tumors that form in the adrenal glands, which are located on top of each kidney. These small, non-cancerous growths are often discovered incidentally during imaging studies for other conditions. While many adrenal adenomas do not cause symptoms or require treatment, some can produce excess hormones, leading to various health issues.
Adrenal adenomas are typically less than 2 inches in diameter and are made up of cells similar to those found in the adrenal cortex. They can be classified into two main types based on their activity:
Adrenal adenomas are relatively common, especially in older adults. Advances in imaging technology, such as CT scans and MRIs, have increased the incidental discovery of these tumors. It's estimated that about 1 in 10 people over the age of 60 have an adrenal adenoma.
Functional adrenal adenomas can cause a variety of symptoms depending on the hormone they secrete:
Adrenal adenomas are often detected incidentally during imaging studies. However, a series of tests are necessary to determine the nature of the adenoma:
Treatment depends on whether the adenoma is functional or non-functional:
The prognosis for individuals with adrenal adenomas is generally good, especially when the adenoma is non-functional. Functional adenomas that are surgically removed often result in the resolution of symptoms. Regular follow-up is crucial to monitor for any changes or recurrence.
Understanding adrenal adenomas is essential for managing potential health risks. While most adrenal adenomas are benign and asymptomatic, functional adenomas require careful evaluation and management to prevent complications. Regular medical check-ups and imaging studies play a vital role in the early detection and effective treatment of adrenal adenomas.